Editing Karanesa IPA

This is a guide to IPA formatting for [[High Karanesa]] and [[New Karanesa]].

==Karanesa IPA==
In the below table, examples are given in English if unspecified.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ IPA chart for High and New Karanesa
|-
! IPA
! New Karanesa
! High Karanesa
! Description
! IPA
! New Karanesa
! High Karanesa
! Description
|-
| p || p || p || p in ''lis'''p'''''<ref>The voiceless plosives in this table all are pronounced without aspiration or voicing; English plosives only consistently have neither after /s/.</ref>
| j || y || y || y in '''''y'''es''
|-
| b || b || b || b in '''''b'''oy''
| w || w || w || w in '''''w'''ar''
|-
| t || t || t || t in ''s'''t'''ar''
| ɺ || l || || r in Japanese ''ya'''r'''u''<ref>In Japanese IPA, this sound is usually transcribed as [ɾ]. However, this sound is truly lateral in some dialects, and is also used in loans where English and Sinitic have /l/.</ref>
|-
| d || d || d || d in '''''d'''en''
| tɬ || || l || tl in Nahuan ''axolo'''tl'''''
|-
| k || k || k || k in ''mas'''k'''''
| dɮ || || ll || Similar to tl in English ''axolo'''tl'''''<ref>In some dialects, /dɮ/ is pronounced extremely close to this example, as [dɫ]. However, this sound is prototypically produced as an affricate, like pronouncing [dʒ] and [l] at the same time.</ref>
|-
| g || g || g || g in '''''g'''ame''
| r || r || || Irish and Spanish trilled ''r''
|-
| ʔ || || k || tt in ''bo'''tt'''le'' (Received Pronunciation)
| ɾ || || r || t in ''wa'''t'''er'' (General American)
|-
| m || m || m || m in '''''m'''ark''
| i || i || i || ee in ''m'''ee'''t''
|-
| n || n || n || n in ''ma'''n'''''
| ɨ || î, û || á || ы in Russian ''т'''ы''''' (ty)
|-
| ɲ || ny || ny || ñ in Spanish ''jalape'''ñ'''o''<ref>In English this is often nativized to /n/ due to its spelling, but the Spanish word retains /ɲ/.</ref>
| u || u || u || French '''''où'''''
|-
| ŋ || ng || ng || n in ''ba'''n'''k''
| e || e || é || ee in German ''S'''ee'''le''<ref>More closely matches High Karanesa's long vowel [eː].</ref>
|-
| tʃ || c || c || tch in ''pa'''tch'''''
| ə || â || || a in ''comm'''a'''''
|-
| dʒ || j || j || j in '''''J'''une''
| o || o || ó || o in Spanish ''perr'''o'''''
|-
| s || s || s || s in ''ma'''ss'''''
| iə̯ || || î || Similar to a in ''b'''a'''ng'' (General American)<ref>/æ/ raising is highly variable in General American, but when it happens, it usually happens in this context and usually results in something like [eə̯], which is similar to this sound.</ref>
|-
| z || z || || s in ''tea'''s'''e''
| aə̯ || || â || Similar to '''''are''''' (Received Pronunciation)
|-
| dz || || z || dz in ''ku'''dz'''u''
| uə̯ || || û || oa in ''g'''oa'''t''<ref>While written as uə̯, common allophones for this sound are [ɯɵ] and [ʌː], both of which are similar to this vowel in various English dialects.</ref>
|-
| ʃ || sh || sh || sh in ''ma'''sh'''''
| ɛ || ê || e || e in ''b'''e'''t''
|-
| ʒ || zh || zh || si in ''vi'''si'''on''
| ɔ || ô || o || augh in English ''c'''augh'''t''<ref>In American dialects, this is typically [ɑ] due to vowel mergers.</ref> 
|-
| f || f || f || f in '''''f'''ather''
| a || a || a || Like a in ''f'''a'''ther''
|-
| θ || th || th || th in ''ma'''th'''(s)''<ref>Example word is usually plural in Britain and Australia.</ref>
! colspan="4" | Diacritic examples
|-
| ð || || dh || th in ''soo'''th'''e''
| əː || â || || Lengthens the preceding sound
|-
| x || h || h || j in Spanish '''''j'''alapeño''<ref>As this does not contrast with any other h-like sound in High Karanesa, English <h> is a good approximation of this sound.</ref> 
| á ē ò ə̏ || || || Tone levels: high, middle, low, very low
|-
| ɣ || rh || || Like r in German '''''R'''ost''
| î ǔ || || || Tone contours: falling, rising<ref>Karanesa IPA on this website rarely uses the specific diacritics for mid-falling, mid-rising, and so on, as generally speaking, the contour for these tones is based on the adjacent tones.</ref>
|-
| ʎ || || ly || lh in Portuguese ''a'''lh'''o''
| ˈa ˌa || || || Stress: primary, secondary

[[Category:High Karanesa]][[Category:New Karanesa]]